Outcomes and factors associated with tolerance in infants with non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy with gastrointestinal manifestations

Abstract Objectives To evaluate outcomes of oral food challenge (OFC) test to assess tolerance in infants with non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) with gastrointestinal manifestations and explore clinical data predictive of these outcomes. Methods Single-center retrospective study including infants (age < 12 months) who were referred for CMA between 2000 and 2018 and underwent OFC on follow-up. A univariate logistic regression test was performed to evaluate variables associated with the outcomes of the follow-up OFC test. Results Eighty-two patients were included, 50% were male. Eighteen patients had a positive OFC test (22%). Most patients had presented with hematochezia (77%). The median age of symptom onset was 30 days. Two-thirds of the patients were on appropriate infant formula (extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formula), exclusively or in association with breastfeeding. The median time on an elimination diet before the OFC test was 8 months (Q1 6 - Q3 11 months). All cases with positive follow-up OFC tests (n= 18) had been exposed to cow's milk-based formula before the first clinical manifestation of CMA. Five out of eight cases with Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) had positive OFC tests. Exposure to cow's milk-based formula before diagnosis, a history of other food allergies, hematochezia and diarrhea were predictors of a positive OFC test. Conclusions In infants with non-IgE-mediated CMPA with gastrointestinal manifestations, the use of cow's milk-based formula, a history of other food allergies, and hematochezia and diarrhea upon initial presentation were associated factors for the later achievement of tolerance.

A Great Challenge: Preserve or Improve the Classification of the Journal Investigación y Educación en Enfermería

The first issue of the IEE Journal was published in September 1983 and it was the beginning of a permanent growth process for the dissemination of knowledge in Nursing, product of research, theoretical reflection, and exchange of care experiences. It was regulated by Agreement 027 of 02 August of 2005 by the Academic Council of the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia, which defines it as "the dissemination body, through which technical and scientific knowledge is disseminated referring to health and disease and to processes related with such, to the practice of Nursing and of other health and related disciplines. It also constitutes a channel to exchange knowledge and experiences with national and foreign disciplines of the social and health sciences".

The effect of Phytosphingosine and bioactive glass-ceramics in preventing dental enamel erosion

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of phytosphingosine (PHS) and bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) on dental enamel in terms of color alteration (ΔE), microhardness, and surface roughness when submitted to erosive challenge (EC). Sixty specimens of bovine teeth (6×6×2mm) were obtained. Initial color (Easyshade, VITA), KHN (HMV-2, Shimadzu), and Ra (SJ-201P, Mitutoyo) measurements were performed. Specimens were separated into groups according to treatments: PHS, 10% Biosilicate, PHS+10% Biosilicate, and artificial saliva (control) and submitted to EC with Coca-Cola for 2 min. This cycle was repeated 4 times daily/15 days. Between cycles, specimens remained in artificial saliva (2 h/37°C). After daily cycles, they were also stored in artificial saliva at 37ºC. Final color, microhardness, and surface roughness measurements were done. Color and KHN data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test; and Ra, by 2-way ANOVA, repeated measures, and Tukey's test (p<.05). The highest ΔE occurred in Saliva+EC (p<.05). Groups treated with PHS presented lower color change than Saliva+EC (p<.05). All the groups presented mean values above the 50:50% perceptibility (50:50%PT) and acceptability (50:50%AT) thresholds, except for control that showed mean value above 50:50%PT but below 50:50%AT. Biosilicate+EC showed higher relative microhardness than Saliva+EC (p<.05), but was similar to PHS+EC and PHS+Biosilicate+EC. Final enamel surface roughness increased for all the groups (p<.05), except for the control. The Biosilicate may prevent enamel mineral loss induced by erosion better than saliva. The PHS associated or not to Biosilicate demonstrated better color stability than saliva.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da Fitoesfingosina (PHS) e da vitrocerâmica bioativa (Biosilicato) sobre o esmalte dental em termos de alteração de cor (ΔE), microdureza (KHN) e rugosidade superficial, quando submetido a desafio erosivo (DE). Sessenta espécimes de dentes bovinos (6×6×2mm) foram obtidos. Foram realizadas leituras de cor inicial (Easyshade, VITA), microdureza (HMV-2, Shimadzu) e rugosidade superfícial (SJ-201P, Mitutoyo). Os espécimes foram separados em grupos de acordo com os tratamentos: PHS, Biosilicato a 10%, PHS+Biosilicato a 10%, e saliva artificial (controle). Em seguida, foram submetidos a DE com Coca-Cola por 2 min. Esse ciclo foi repetido 4 vezes/dia por 15 dias. Entre os ciclos, as amostras foram mantidas em saliva artificial (2 h/37°C). Após os ciclos diários, os espécimes também foram armazenados em saliva artificial a 37ºC. Foram realizadas leituras finais de cor, microdureza e rugosidade superficial. Os dados de cor e microdureza foram analisados ​​por ANOVA de uma via, teste de Tukey; e dados de rugosidade superficial, por ANOVA de duas vias, teste de Tukey (p<.05). A maior ΔE ocorreu em Saliva+DE (p<.05). Grupos tratados com PHS apresentaram menor alteração de cor do que Saliva+DE (p<.05). Biosilicate+DE demonstrou valores intermediários, similar (p>.05) aos outros grupos, exceto Saliva+DE. Todos os grupos presentaram média acima dos limites 50:50% de perceptibilidade (50:50%LP) e aceitabilidade (50:50%LA) exceto o controle que demonstrou média acima do 50:50%LA mas abaixo do 50:50%LP. Biosilicate+DE mostrou maior microdureza realativa do que Saliva+DE (p<.05), mas similar a PHS+DE e PHS+Biosilicato+DE. A rugosidade de superfície do esmalte aumentou para todos os grupos, exceto para o controle que presentou a menor alteração (p<.05). O Biosilicato apode prevenir perda mineral do esmalte indizido pela erosão melhor que a saliva. O PHS associado ou não ao Biosilicato demonstrou melhor estabilidade de cor que a saliva.

Schistosomiasis control in China from 2012 to 2021: progress and challenges / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis has been endemic in China for more than 2 000 years, which causes huge morbidity, social and economic burdens. Guided by the national specific strategic programs and criteria for schistosomiasis, tremendous achievements have been gained for schistosomiasis elimination in China. This paper reviews the progress of schistosomiasis control and endemic status of schistosomiasis in China during the period from 2012 to 2021, analyzes the challenges to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China by 2030, and proposes suggestions for future schistosomiasis control programs.

Application and challenge of microsatellite instability detection in colorectal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers. The incidence and mortality of CRC are still rising in China. It is of great importance to explore the molecular mechanisms of the development and progression of CRC. Microsatellites are short tandem repeats that are distributed throughout the genome. Detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) is of great value in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. MSI detection is an important method for Lynch syndrome screening. For patients with stage Ⅱ CRC, MSI status is an influencing factor for post-operative recurrence and an important reference for adjuvant therapy. For patients with stage Ⅳ CRC, MSI status is an important indicator for screening potential patients suitable for treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, there are still problems concerning the application of MSI. The detection methods of MSI have not been fully unified. The requirement of MSI detection in CRC patients are universal but not precise. MSI is not a valid predictor for the prognosis of CRC patients, and it could not effectively predict the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Moreover, with the application of other molecular markers, such as programmed death-1, programmed death-ligand 1, tumor mutation burden and immunoscore, the value of MSI in CRC is being challenged and remains to be unveiled with more studies. The authors investigate the problems in MSI detection and application, in order to provide reference for clinical practice.

The mediating role of intrinsic motivation between challenge-hindrance stressors and thriving at work among clinical nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between challenge-hindrance stressors and thriving at work in clinical nurses, and to analyze the mediating role of intrinsic motivation.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 319 nurses from the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital from May to June 2022 were investigated by general data questionnaire, Challenge-Hindrance Stressors Scale, Intrinsic Motivation Scale and Thriving At Work Scale. Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between various variables, and Amos 23.0 was used to construct a structural equation model to analyze the mediating role of intrinsic motivation between challenging stressors, hindrance stressors, and thriving at work.Results:The score for challenging stressors was (21.22 ± 4.42) points, the score for hindrance stressors was (13.51 ± 3.59) points, the score for intrinsic motivation was (78.96 ± 11.52) points, and the score for thriving at work was (51.27 ± 8.03) points. Challenging stressors was positively associated with intrinsic motivation and thriving at work ( r=0.222, 0.221, both P<0.01), hindrance stressors was negatively associated with intrinsic motivation and thriving at work ( r=-0.152, -0.337, both P<0.01), intrinsic motivation was positively correlated with thriving at work ( r=0.564, P<0.01). Intrinsic motivation was partially mediated between challenging stressors, hindrance stressors and thriving at work, respectively accounting for 16.02% and 13.79%. Conclusions:Challenging stressors and hindrance stressors can indirectly influence their thriving at work through intrinsic motivation. Nursing managers should help nurses treat different stressors correctly to enhance their intrinsic motivation and promote their thriving at work.

Mixed venous to arterial CO 2 gap as a marker to identify fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of the venous-to-arterial CO 2 gap (Δ CO 2 gap) before and after the fluid challenge (FC) in determining the fluid responsivenessin septic shock patients. Methods:A total of 104 septic shock patients admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included in the retrospective study. All patients were monitored by Swan Ganz floating catheter during the FC. Hemodynamics and blood gas indices were collected before FC (T0) and immediately (T1), 10 min (T2), 30 min (T3) and 60 min (T4) after FC. Responders were defined as patients with a > 10% increase in cardiac output (CO) after FC. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CO 2 gap and CO. The value of ΔCO2 gap were calculated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve in the whole population. Results:Among 104 patients, the effective rates of FC at T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 59% (61/104), 72% (75/104), 73% (76/104), and 77% (80/104), respectively. CO of patients in the reactive group was lower than that in the non-reactive group at T2 [6.0 (4.7, 7.5) vs. 7.2 (6.4, 8.5) L/min, P=0.019], and there was no significant difference in CO 2 gap between the two groups before FC. Spearman correlation analysis showed that CO 2 gap was negatively correlated with CO, and the correlations between CO 2 content gap and CO was -0.34, and -0.33 of CO 2 pressure gap and CO, respectively (both P <0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the ΔCO 2 gap at T1 could weakly judge the reactivity at T2, T3 and T4, but could not judge the reactivity at T1. The AUROC at T2 was 0.669 of ΔCO 2 content gap and 0.684 of ΔCO 2 pressure gap (both P <0.05). Conclusions:The evaluate time judging the effect of FC should be appropriately extended. The change value of CO 2 gap before and immediately after volume expansion in septic shock patients can judge the fluid responsiveness within 10 min after FC.

Ayurveda and in silico Approach: A Challenging Proficient Confluence for Better Development of Effective Traditional Medicine Spotlighting Network Pharmacology / 中国结合医学杂志

Coalescence of traditional medicine Ayurveda and in silico technology is a rigor for supplementary development of future-ready effective traditional medicine. Ayurveda is a popular traditional medicine in South Asia, emanating worldwide for the treatment of metabolic disorders and chronic illness. Techniques of in silico biology are not much explored for the investigation of a variety of bioactive phytochemicals of Ayurvedic herbs. Drug repurposing, reverse pharmacology, and polypharmacology in Ayurveda are areas in silico explorations that are needed to understand the rich repertoire of herbs, minerals, herbo-minerals, and assorted Ayurvedic formulations. This review emphasizes exploring the concept of Ayurveda with in silico approaches and the need for Ayurinformatics studies. It also provides an overview of in silico studies done on phytoconstituents of some important Ayurvedic plants, the utility of in silico studies in Ayurvedic phytoconstituents/formulations, limitations/challenges, and prospects of in silico studies in Ayurveda. This article discusses the convergence of in silico work, especially in the least explored field of Ayurveda. The focused coalesce of these two domains could present a predictive combinatorial platform to enhance translational research magnitude. In nutshell, it could provide new insight into an Ayurvedic drug discovery involving an in silico approach that could not only alleviate the process of traditional medicine research but also enhance its effectiveness in addressing health care.

Biomarkers associated with persistence and severity of IgE-mediated food allergies: a systematic review

Abstract Objective The prevalence of food allergies (FA) has increased worldwide over the last few decades. Milk, eggs, and peanuts are among the most common allergens and can cause anaphylaxis. Therefore, we aimed to identify biomarkers that could predict the persistence and/or severity of IgE-mediated allergies to milk, eggs, and peanuts via a systematic review. Methods This systematic review proceeded according to a protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Two independent authors extracted studies of interest from PubMed, SciELO, EMBASE, Scopus, and Ebsco databases and assessed their quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results We selected 14 articles describing 1,398 patients. Among eight identified biomarkers, total IgE, specific IgE (sIgE), and IgG4 were the most often cited biomarkers of persistent allergies to milk, eggs, and peanuts. Skin prick tests, endpoint tests, and sIgE cutoff levels may predict positive responses to challenges with these foods. The basophil activation test is a biomarker for the severity and/or threshold of allergic reactions to milk and peanuts. Conclusion Only a few publications identified possible prognostic indicators of the persistence or severity of FA and outcomes of oral food challenges, indicating that more accessible biomarkers are needed to determine the likelihood of having a severe food allergic reaction.

Development and verification of plaque method for detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus titer / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop and verify a plaque method for detection of infectious titer of tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)strain(PHKT strain for short)adapted to primary hamster kidney(PHK)cells.Methods PHK cells were infected with TBEV,a primary mouse brain adaption strain,and passed consecutively for 12 passages.The titer of PHKT was detected by plaque method(Monolayer BHK-21 cells were infected with PHKT of various passages at different dilution ratios,and the plaque number was calculated by neutral red staining)and challenge titration in mouse brain(Mice were challenged with PHKT of various passages at different dilution ratios through brain cavity,0.03 mL for each,observed continuously for 14 days,and calculated for the median lethal dose(LD50)by Reed-Muench method)respectively,and the correlation between the results of two methods was analyzed.The developed plaque method for the detection of TBEV titer was verified for specificity,repeatability and intermediate precision.Results The plaque titer of PHKT virus was up to8.9 lgPFU/mL;The correlation between the results of plaque method and mouse brain challenge titration method was good(r = 0.92);The specificity of plaque method for detecting infectious titer of PHKT virus was good,and the coefficients of variation(CVs)of repeatability and intermediate precision were both less than 5%.Conclusion A plaque method for detecting infectious titer of PHKT virus was developed,which may be used as an alternative method for challenge titration in mouse brain.

The Shift and Way Out for Health Science Popularization Lectures in the New Media Era / 中国医学伦理学

Currently, the public’s concern for health has unprecedentedly increased, while some institutions find it difficult to carry out health lectures. Overall, health lectures play an important role, but they face some practical challenges at the operational level, involving lecture objectives, public demands, communication methods, dissemination channels, and foothold methods. In the era of new media, health science popularization lectures are still an effective means of persuasion today, but traditional lecture methods need to be endowed with new connotations, and made shifts and adjustments. Health science popularization lectures should make the following shifts. First, the lecture objectives should turn to "extensive use", stepping out of the limitations of popular science knowledge, and promoting the public to proactively seek health knowledge and information. Second, the lecture content should turn to the integration of physical and mental, designing courses from the perspective of physical and mental, enhancing communication among people, and promoting trust between individuals. Third, the lecture effect should turn to enjoyment, breaking the prejudice against the lecture effect and taking the enjoyment and interest stimulation as the important goal of health science popularization. Fourth, the speaker should turn to "professionalization", establishing a team of professional health lecturers. At the operational level, it is necessary to strictly control the entry and exit of health lecturers to create a lecture brand, segment the audience to organize homogeneous audiences, tell good stories and enhance emotional narration, plan holistically and achieve full-media three-dimensional communication, and scientifically evaluate and emphasize long-term effects.

Common problems and considerations in challenge tests of different animal models of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Animal challenge test is an effective means to study the efficacy of severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccine. The appropriate animal models and reasonable experimental design play an important role in obtaining efficacy and safety information,as well as supporting clinical trials. At present,common non-clinical animal models include transgenic mice,non-human primates,hamsters,ferrets and so on. This paper reviews the common animal models used in non-clinical trials and the problems encountered in their application.

Opportunities and challenges in the clinical application of proteomics / 中华检验医学杂志

As a supplement to immunoassay, mass spectrometry plays an important role in clinical laboratory. With the application and development of mass spectrometry technology in proteomics research, clinical laboratory gradually expanded the analyses of small molecules to proteins/peptides, such as thyroglobulin, insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ, apolipoprotein E and amyloid protein, etc. However, it faces challenges such as long time and high cost of pretreatment optimization, lack of reference materials and imperfect supervision. Although emerging proteomic biomarkers have been slow to translate into clinical diagnosis, the large proteomic database provides a favorable support for future development.

Working together to overcome difficulties / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:With the adjustment of epidemic prevention and control policies, the coronavirus disease infection has undergone incredible changes. The number of infected people has exploded in a geometric progression up to an astronomical number. In the face of a new round of stormy tests, it is not only necessary for the whole country to unite and help each other, unite as one, share weal and woe, and overcome the difficulties, but also for us to reflect on the current situation, problems and difficulties.

The status, problems and countermeasures of online teaching design and operation management in medical colleges: a case study of Harbin Medical University / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper first summarizes the cognition and understanding of online teaching, then introduces the active design and practice of online teaching in Harbin Medical University, and fully comprehends the quality of online teaching through the feedback to teachers and students. Through the investigation, the research group found that there are problems in online teaching, including teachers' difficulty in applying the teaching platform efficiently, limited Internet speed and hardware equipment, insufficient understanding and attention of individual teachers to online teaching, insufficient interaction between teachers and students, and difficulty in carrying out experiments and practical teaching. In this regard, the research group proposed countermeasures to change online teaching concept, reform online teaching methods, improve the function of online teaching platform, and optimize online course resources in order to timely summarize the online teaching situation, improve the shortcomings and promote advanced experience, and ensure the quality of follow-up online teaching.

Proctocolite induzida por proteína alimentar - teste de provocação oral deve ser realizado para confirmar o diagnóstico de alergia ao leite de vaca em neonatos? / Induced proctocolitis - oral food challenge should be done to confirm the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy in neonates?

ABSTRACT Background: Suspicion of food protein-induced proctocolitis based on empirical understanding of rectal bleeding can lead to misdiagnosis. Objective: to verify clinical and evaluative characteristics of patients who presented neonatal rectal bleeding and were on a restricted cow's milk diet. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study included patients followed up in a tertiary care center, who presented rectal bleeding in the neonatal period. The analyzed data included gender, gestational age, type of delivery, use of antibiotics during the last trimester of pregnancy, use of parenteral nutrition before the first manifestation, use of mechanical ventilation, initial clinical manifestations associated with rectal bleeding, diet before the first manifestation, period of elimination diet, oral food challenge (OFC) results and symptoms presented in cases of positive OFC. Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data. The level of significance was set to 5%. Results: Forty-two patients were selected: 30 preterm infants, 34 cesarean deliveries, 10 exclusively breastfed patients before rectal bleeding. Median age at OFC was 6.3 months old. Median of length of the elimination period before OFC was 5.9 months. OFC was negative in 33/42 (79%) patients and positive in 9/42 (21%). There was no association between OFC results and the evaluated data. The main symptom observed in patients with positive OFC was blood in stools. Conclusion: OFC was negative in most cases of suspected cow's milk allergy due to rectal bleeding in neonates, most of them with a history of prematurity.

RESUMO Contexto: A suspeita de proctocolite induzida por proteína alimentar (PCIPA) com base na compreensão empírica de sangramento retal pode levar a diagnósticos equivocados. Objetivo Verificar as características clínicas e evolutivas de pacientes que apresentavam sangramento retal neonatal e faziam uso de dieta restrita com leite de vaca. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo com pacientes acompanhados em um centro terciário, que apresentaram sangramento retal no período neonatal. Os dados analisados incluíram: sexo, idade gestacional, tipo de parto, uso de antibióticos no último trimestre da gravidez, uso de nutrição parenteral antes da primeira manifestação, uso de ventilação mecânica, manifestações clínicas iniciais associadas ao sangramento retal, dieta antes da primeira manifestação, período de dieta de eliminação, resultados do teste de provocação oral (TPO) e sintomas apresentados em casos de TPO positivo. O teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney foram usados para analisar os dados. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Quarenta e dois pacientes foram selecionados: 30 prematuros, 34 partos cesáreos, 10 pacientes amamentadas exclusivamente antes do sangramento retal. A idade média na ocasião do TPO foi de 6,3 meses. A mediana da duração do período da dieta de eliminação antes do TPO foi de 5,9 meses. O TPO foi negativo em 33/42 (79%) pacientes e positivo em 9/42 (21%). Não houve associação entre os resultados do TPO e os dados avaliados. O principal sintoma observado em pacientes com TPO positivo foi sangue nas fezes. Conclusão: O TPO foi negativo na maioria dos casos de suspeita de alergia ao leite de vaca devido a sangramento retal em neonatos, a maioria deles com história de prematuridade.

Unforeseen Rupture of Pseudoaneurysm of Common Carotid Artery: An Arduous Anesthetic Challenge

Pseudoaneurysm of the common carotid artery (CCA) is exceptionally unstable and unpredictable; it mandates quick medical attention in order to circumvent neurologic sequelae or hemorrhage. Unanticipated rupture is extremely lethal and a potential provocation for the anesthesia caregiver. It is an arduous challenge for an anesthetist to establish emergency airway when a huge bleeding pseudoaneurysm is compressing and deviating the trachea, securing invasive lines in collapsing vessels, volume and vasopressor resuscitation in deteriorating hemodynamics in order to maintain cerebral perfusion without compromising other vital organs, arranging huge amount of blood and blood products in a short span of time, and transferring an exsanguinating patient for the rapid institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Not only preoperatively it also necessitates appropriate neuromonitoring and neuroprotection during and after surgery. The association of unforeseen rupture of common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to the tubercular spine and lifesaving management by the rapid institution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a rare occasion. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is not any similar case in the peer?reviewed literature. Therefore, the authors enumerate the clinical experience of an unexpected rupture of CCA pseudoaneurysm requiring lifesaving CPB and emphasize the “Timely Teamed Effort Approach” that can sustain a life in such an inevitable situation.

Development of transgenic cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistant gerbera plants expressing CMV coat protein gene

Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) has its immense importance to the floriculture industry worldwide. The gerbera flower production has been hampered by various viruses, among them cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has shown considerable damage.As natural resistance to CMV is absent in gerbera, here, we have made an attempt to develop transgenic gerbera plants expressing coat protein (CP) gene of CMV via Agrobacterium mediated transformation of base petiole explants for genetic resistance to CMV infection. Among the 44 putative transgenic gerbera plant acclimatized, 39 were found positive for integration of CP gene by polymerase chain reaction and southern hybridization assay using their specific primer and probe respectively. Northern hybridization assay using CP gene specific probe confirmed the transcription of transgene in all 39 transgenic plants. These plants showed translation of CP during DAS-ELISA when tested with antiserum specific to CP of CMV. These 39 plants when challenged by mechanical inoculations with CMV gerbera isolate showed virus resistance in 53% (21 out of 39) plants, virus tolerance (delayed mild symptom) in 33% (13/39) plants, while rest 12.8% (5/39) plants showed severe disease symptoms. The CP mediated resistance of CMV in transgenic gerbera is being reported for the first time from India.

Challenges of prevent and control the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has lasted for more than 2 years in the world.At present, Omicron has become the dominant strain.Omicron is highly contagious, has a stronger ability of antibody evasion and reinfection, which brings great challenges to COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control.This article reviewed the latest evidence on COVID-19 in children, such as pandemic status, clinical manifestations, vaccine protection effect, antiviral medicines and non-pharmaceutical interventions, revealing some challenges in prevention and treatment efforts currently.

Dixième épidémie d'Ebola en République Démocratique du Congo: défis majeurs relevés dans la prise en charge médicale / Tenth Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo: major challenges in health care management

Identifié depuis 1976, le filovirus Ebola est la cause d´une maladie caractérisée principalement par un syndrome grippale inaugural avec une fièvre quasi permanente suivi des signes digestifs: diarrhée, vomissement à la base de la déshydratation. La mort survient souvent dans un tableau de défaillance multi-viscérale (insuffisance hépatorénale, encéphalopathie voire, trouble de coagulation). Le taux de mortalité est compris entre 50 et 90%. Traditionnellement, les malades suspects et confirmés à Ebola étaient isolés dans des tentes pour un traitement essentiellement symptomatique avec utilisation fort limitée des actes invasifs. Les mesures de prévention n´étaient faites que de respect des mesures d´hygiène. Chez les personnels soignants, le taux de contamination était de 76% lors de la première épidémie de Yambuku. Au fil du temps, des mesures de prise en charge se sont améliorées par l´utilisation du vaccin, une réanimation appropriée, traitement spécifique au filovirus et l´utilisation des CUBE (chambre d´urgence biosécurisée pour epidémie).

Identified in 1976, Ebola virus, a member of the Filoviridae family (filovirus), can cause a disease mainly characterized by inaugural influenza-like syndrome with almost permanent fever followed by gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting causing dehydration. Death often occurs as a result of multi-system organ failure (hepatorenal failure, encephalopathy or even blood clotting disorders). Mortality rate is between 50 and 90%. Traditionally, patients with suspected and diagnosed Ebola were isolated in tents for essentially symptomatic treatment with very limited use of invasive procedures. Prevention consisted of measures aimed at respecting hygiene. Among caregivers,infection rate was 76% during the first Yambuku outbreak. Over time, management measures have been improved by the use of the vaccine, appropriate resuscitation techniques, specific treatment for filovirus and the use of BECUO (Biosecure Emergency Care Unit for Outbreaks).